The Social Divide of Mental Health: Exploring the Impact of Socioeconomic Class

Mental health, an essential aspect of human well-being, knows no boundaries. Yet, an intricate web of socioeconomics intertwines with mental health, significantly influencing its prevalence and impact. The profound disparities between different socioeconomic classes give rise to a social divide, affecting mental health outcomes worldwide. This article delves into the intricate relationship between socioeconomic class and mental health, drawing insights from academic literature and shedding light on examples from socioeconomically marginalized countries.

1. Socioeconomic Class and Mental Health Disparities: The Global Picture

Extensive research has consistently shown that socioeconomic class plays a pivotal role in shaping mental health outcomes. Individuals from lower socioeconomic strata are more vulnerable to mental health disorders due to the burden of chronic stress, lack of access to adequate healthcare, and limited resources (Lorant et al., 2003; Phelan et al., 2010). Studies reveal that depression, anxiety, and other mental health issues are more prevalent in socioeconomically marginalized populations, highlighting the impact of the social divide on mental well-being.

2. Developing Countries: The Burden of Adversity

In developing countries, the social divide in mental health is stark and pervasive. Nations grappling with poverty, limited educational opportunities, and inadequate healthcare systems witness a higher burden of mental health challenges (Kohrt et al., 2010). For example, in Sub-Saharan Africa, where millions endure extreme poverty and face continuous adversities, mental health problems remain a silent crisis.

In Kenya, a study on mental health disparities revealed a striking association between poverty and psychological distress (Ndetei et al., 2016). Individuals from impoverished backgrounds reported higher rates of depression and anxiety due to the compounding effects of socioeconomic challenges and limited access to mental health services.

The stigma surrounding mental health issues in developing countries exacerbates the problem. Many communities view mental illnesses as a curse or a result of personal weakness, leading to underreporting and delayed treatment-seeking. The combination of limited resources and societal stigmatization creates a daunting environment for addressing mental health problems effectively.

3. Developed Countries: The Struggle with Relative Deprivation

Even in developed countries with comparatively better access to resources, the social divide takes a different form, but its impact on mental health is equally profound. Relative deprivation, a phenomenon where individuals feel disadvantaged compared to others in higher socioeconomic classes, plays a significant role in mental health disparities (Lorant et al., 2003).

In the United States, research has consistently shown that income inequality contributes to higher rates of depression and anxiety among individuals from lower socioeconomic backgrounds (Kawachi & Berkman, 2001). The constant struggle to keep up with societal expectations, coupled with the fear of falling behind, fuels stress and anxiety.

Furthermore, marginalized communities in developed countries often face institutional barriers to accessing mental health services, further exacerbating the social divide. Discrimination and bias may prevent individuals from seeking help, leaving their mental health needs unaddressed.

4. Addressing the Social Divide for Better Mental Health Outcomes

Understanding the impact of socioeconomic class on mental health is crucial for designing effective interventions. In developing countries, poverty alleviation, improved access to healthcare, and targeted mental health programs can significantly improve mental well-being (Kohrt et al., 2010).

For example, community-based mental health programs in rural India have shown promising results in reducing the burden of mental health issues. These initiatives destigmatize mental health problems and provide support in culturally relevant ways, making it easier for individuals to seek help and access care (Patel et al., 2003).

In developed countries, addressing income inequality and fostering social inclusion are crucial steps. Investments in mental health services, combined with awareness campaigns, can help bridge the gap and reduce the social divide’s detrimental impact on mental health (Kawachi & Berkman, 2001).

Conclusion:

The social divide of mental health, intricately linked with socioeconomic class, is a global challenge that demands urgent attention. Socioeconomically marginalized countries bear the burden of limited resources and cultural stigmas, while developed nations grapple with relative deprivation and institutional barriers. By acknowledging these disparities, promoting empathy, and implementing targeted interventions, we can pave the way toward a more equitable future, where mental health is valued and nurtured for all, regardless of socioeconomic standing.

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References:

1. Lorant, V., Deliège, D., Eaton, W., Robert, A., Philippot, P., & Ansseau, M. (2003). Socioeconomic Inequalities in Depression: A Meta-Analysis. American Journal of Epidemiology, 157(2), 98-112.
2. Phelan, J. C., Link, B. G., Tehranifar, P. (2010). Social Conditions as Fundamental Causes of Health Inequalities: Theory, Evidence, and Policy Implications. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 51(1_suppl), S28-S40.
3. Kohrt, B. A., Hruschka, D. J., Worthman, C. M., Kunz, R. D., Baldwin, J. L., Upadhaya, N., … & Jordans, M. J. (2010). Political violence and mental health in Nepal: prospective study. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 196(6), 456-461.
4. Ndetei, D. M., Khasakhala, L., Mutiso, V., Mbwayo, A. W., & Stewart, R. C. (2016). Mental status of inpatients at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital Eldoret, Kenya: a cross-sectional study. Annals of General Psychiatry, 15(1), 25.
5. Kawachi, I., & Berkman, L. F. (2001). Social ties and mental health. Journal of Urban Health, 78(3), 458-467.
6. Patel, V., Araya, R., Chatterjee, S., Chisholm, D., Cohen, A., De Silva, M., … & Verdeli, H. (2003). Treatment and prevention of mental disorders in low-income and middle-income countries. The Lancet, 370(9591), 991-1005.

[Video] Power, Patriarchy & Mental Health: Deconstructing Domestic Violence

Trying to deconstruct domestic (gender-based) violence in relation to power, patriarchy and mental health. The intergenerational trauma of the victims of domestic violence and violence as coping mechanism for men, are the parts of this talk that I want to be debated about. – Anayat Baig

Courtesy: This video is produced and distributed by Ibex Media Network

Toxic Positivity: Balancing Positivity and Authenticity in Mental Health

In recent years, the concept of “toxic positivity” has gained attention in discussions surrounding mental health and wellbeing. Toxic positivity refers to the idea that individuals must maintain a positive mindset and avoid negativity at all costs, even if it means suppressing or denying their emotions. While positivity and optimism can be helpful in certain situations, toxic positivity can have harmful effects on mental health and wellbeing.

Toxic positivity can manifest in a variety of ways. For example, some individuals may dismiss or downplay the emotions of others by telling them to “just think positive” or “look on the bright side.” This can be particularly harmful for those struggling with mental health issues, as it can make them feel like their emotions are not valid or that they are being judged for not being able to “get over it.”

Another way toxic positivity can manifest is through the pressure to constantly be happy and optimistic, even in difficult circumstances. This can lead to feelings of guilt or shame for not being able to maintain a positive attitude, which can further exacerbate mental health issues. Additionally, constantly suppressing negative emotions can lead to increased stress, anxiety, and even physical health issues.

The promotion of toxic positivity is often perpetuated through social media, where individuals are expected to curate a perfect, happy life for their followers to see. This can create unrealistic expectations for both oneself and others, leading to feelings of inadequacy and further perpetuating toxic positivity.

In contrast to toxic positivity, it is important to promote a more balanced approach to emotions and mental health. This includes acknowledging and accepting all emotions, both positive and negative, as valid and important. It also involves providing support and understanding to those who may be struggling with mental health issues, rather than dismissing or judging their emotions.

One way to promote a more balanced approach to emotions is through mindfulness practices, which involve being present and accepting of one’s emotions without judgment. This can help individuals become more aware of their emotions and better equipped to manage them in a healthy way.

Examples & Possible Healthy Responses

1. Example of toxic positivity: Telling someone with depression to “just think positive” or “look on the bright side.” Healthy response: Acknowledge the person’s emotions and offer support. Say something like, “I’m sorry you’re feeling down. Is there anything I can do to support you?”
2. Example of toxic positivity: Pressuring someone to always be happy and optimistic, even in difficult circumstances. Healthy response: Allow the person to express their emotions and offer empathy. Say something like, “It’s okay to feel upset or frustrated. I’m here to listen if you want to talk about it.”
3. Example of toxic positivity: Dismissing someone’s anxiety by telling them to “just relax” or “stop worrying.” Healthy response: Validate the person’s feelings and offer practical support. Say something like, “I understand that you’re feeling anxious. Is there anything I can do to help you feel more comfortable?”
4. Example of toxic positivity: Ignoring your own emotions and pushing yourself to always be positive, even when you’re struggling. Healthy response: Allow yourself to feel all of your emotions and prioritize self-care. Say something like, “It’s okay to not feel okay. I’m going to take some time to focus on my own wellbeing and practice self-care.”

In conclusion, toxic positivity can have harmful effects on mental health and wellbeing. It’s important to acknowledge and accept all emotions as valid and important, and to provide support and understanding to those who may be struggling with mental health issues. To promote a more balanced approach to emotions, mindfulness practices can be helpful in allowing individuals to become more aware of their emotions and better equipped to manage them in a healthy way. It’s also important to prioritize self-care and allow ourselves to feel all of our emotions, both positive and negative. By promoting a more balanced approach to emotions and mental health, we can create a more supportive and understanding environment for ourselves and those around us. As a recommendation, it is crucial to practice empathy, validation and providing practical support to those who are struggling with their emotions, and prioritize self-care to maintain a healthy mental state.